DeMarco,+R

__﻿ DATA CULMINATING TASK __  __Brainstorming __ · Substance abuse vs. Drop out rate - Relationship abuse vs. Substance abuse · Relationship abuse vs. Drop out rate · Family abuse/violence vs. Homeless rates · Substance abuse vs. Homeless rates

Question: Does substance abuse have a correlation with the overall student drop out rate in Canada?

__Variab﻿les __ - Independent: Substance abuse among students (x ) - Dependant: Drop-out rates (y)

Hypo﻿thesis: I believe that the more students engage themselves with substances in their high school years, the more drop out rates will increase overtime; as students will eventually start to care less about education or will not be able to handle the academics requirements to stay in school.

Background Inform﻿ation: - I propose to compare drop out rate to substance abuse rate in all of Canada with Ontario, as well as Canada with other provinces with the most recent data I can find, to see where has the most students who engage in drugs and drop out of school.

Drop Out Numbers By Province:
 * 2006 Cumulative Profile, Provinces and Territories in Canada ||
 * **Area Name:** || **SubTotal**  ||
 * **Alberta** ||  614,865  ||
 * **British Columbia** ||  675,340  ||
 * **Manitoba** ||  267,740  ||
 * **New Brunswick** ||  176,655  ||
 * **Newfoundland** **and Labrador** ||  141,570  ||
 * **Nova Scotia** ||  202,775  ||
 * **Ontario** ||  2,183,630  ||
 * **Prince Edward Island** ||  29,235  ||
 * **Quebec** ||  1,547,875  ||
 * **Saskatchewan** ||  231,730  ||

__High School Drop-Outs By Province Rates (%); (Purple Data* - more recent) __ Manitoba: approx. 13%; Alberta: approx. 12%; Quebec: approx. 12%; Saskatchewan: approx. 11%; P.E.I: approx. 9.89%; Nova Scotia: approx. 9.5%; New Brunswick: approx. 9%; Ontario: approx. 9%; Newfoundland&Labrador: approx. 8%; British Columbia: approx. 7.5%. Canada: just over 10%.
 * ==[[image:http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/81-004-x/2005004/chrt/drop2.gif caption="Figure 2. High school drop-outs as a percentage of all 20-24-year-olds, Canada and provinces,       average of 1990-1991 to 1992-1993 and 2002-2003 to 2004-2005 school years"]]== ||

__Thousand Of Highschool Drop-outs, In Canada; 1990-1991 to 2004-2005. __ 

The OVERALL drop-out rate in Canada for the 2002 calendar year was 10.9%.
__SUBSTANCE ABUSE RATES (%) : __


 * **Area Name:** || **SubTotal**  ||
 * **Alberta** ||  13%  ||
 * **British Columbia** || 12.85% ||
 * **Manitoba** ||  13.52%  ||
 * **New Brunswick** ||  12.14%  ||
 * **Newfoundland** **and Labrador** ||  12.69%  ||
 * **Nova Scotia** || 13.8% ||
 * **Ontario** || 10.14% ||
 * **Prince Edward Island** ||  9.89%  ||
 * **Quebec** ||  9.12%  ||
 * **Saskatchewan** || 14.02% ||

__COLLABORATION: __ (comparsions)

(avg) || My hypothesis states that the higher the substance abuse rate, usually means the higer the drop-out rate. In some cases, through my findings, this is very true. Alberta has a 13% substance abuse rate, while having a 12% drop out rate (both high; substance abuse rate is high thus creating the drop-out rate to be high). Manitoba has a 13.52% substance abuse rate, 13% drop out rate. Saskatchewan has a 14.02% substance abuse rate, 11% drop out rate. However, Quebec has a lower substance abuse rate at 9.12%, but the drop out rate is substantially high, 12%. My hypothesis is somewhat correct, you find provinces with higher substance abuse rates having higher drop out rates. Then again, there are some provinces which have high substancee abuse rates, but lower drop out rates (B.C - 12.85% S.A. rate, but only 7.5% D.O rate.) I'm finding that drop-out rates generally remain higher in rural areas and in small towns than in urban areas, especially in Quebec, Saskatchewan Manitoba and Alberta. While the avg drop out rate in all of Canada is 10.9%, you can depict through the studies that these mentioned provinces have the highest rates contributing to this result.
 * PROVINCE ||< ABUSE RATE ||< DROP OUT RATE || OVERALL CANADA DROP OUT RATE
 * Alberta ||< 13% ||< 12% || 10.9% ||
 * B.C. ||< 12.85% ||< 7.5% || 10.9% ||
 * Manitoba ||< 13.52% ||< 13% || 10.9% ||
 * New Brunswick ||< 12.14% ||< 9% || 10.9% ||
 * Nfld&Lbrdr ||< 12.69% ||< 8% || 10.9% ||
 * Nova Scotia ||< 13.8% ||< 9.5% || 10.9% ||
 * Ontario ||< 10.14% ||< 9% || 10.9% ||
 * P.E.I ||< 9.89% ||< 9.89% || 10.9% ||
 * Quebec ||< 9.12% ||< 12% || 10.9% ||
 * Saskatchewan ||< 14.02% ||< 11% || 10.9% ||

__<span style="color: #008000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">Sampling Bias __

The type of bias best relating to my data is sampling bias because I've researched the findings within Canada only. I could have included other countries meaning my research is limited to only a portion of the entire world. Some countries are not accounted for and cannot be compared with the rest of my data(Canada). Seeing as I only researched Canada, my intent was to see which provinces closest to us are most affected. Although I could have compared Canada with the rest of the countries rather than Canada with the provinces within it, I think that if I found the stats for all of the countries, my findings would have been similiar to that of just Canada; which is the more substance abuse is used, the higher the drop out rate- but then again, there will still be some places which do not show any relation, and low substance abuse rates in the area can also mean high drop out rates anyways.

__<span style="color: #008000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">One Variable Data: __ <span style="color: #008000; font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 120%;">

Raw Data (Bibliography): Drop Out Rates: - **Source:** Statistics Canada. //Cumulative Profile, 2006 - Provinces and Territories in Canada// (table), 2006 Census of Population (Provinces, Census Divisions, Municipalities) (database), Using E-STAT (distributor). [] - http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/81-004-x/2005004/8984-eng.htm#e (accessed: November 18, 2010) Substance Abuse Rates: - [] - http://www.cbc.ca/news/interactives/map-canada-substance-abuse/